![]() ![]() The white paper describes the chip much more as a general purpose processor for workloads encompassing tens of thousands of threads - reminiscent of the Tera MTA architecture, though without that machine's support for very efficient random memory access - than as a graphics processor. While the GT200 had 16 KB 'shared memory' associated with each shader cluster, and required data to be read through the texturing units if a cache was needed, GF100 has 64 KB of memory associated with each cluster, which can be used either as a 48 KB cache plus 16 KB of shared memory, or as a 16 KB cache plus 48 KB of shared memory, along with a 768 KB L2 cache shared by all 16 clusters. As with the G80 and GT200, threads are scheduled in 'warps', sets of 32 threads each running on a single shader core. On September 30, 2009, Nvidia released a white paper describing the architecture: the chip features 16 'Streaming Multiprocessors' each with 32 'CUDA Cores' capable of one single-precision operation per cycle or one double-precision operation every other cycle, a 40-bit virtual address space which allows the host's memory to be mapped into the chip's address space, meaning that there is only one kind of pointer and making C++ support significantly easier, and a 384-bit wide GDDR5 memory interface. Parameters such as the number of registers can be found in the CUDA Compute Capability Comparison Table in the reference manual. 8kB constant cache per 8 ALUs + 24kB texture cache per 24 ALUs). 16kB per 8 ALUs), and only 16kB of cache per 32 ALUs (vs. 16384 per 8 ALUs), only 48kB of shared memory per 32 ALUs (vs. The quantity of on-board SRAM per ALU actually decreased proportionally compared to the previous G200 generation, despite the increase of the L2 cache from 256kB per 240 ALUs to 768kB per 512 ALUs, since Fermi has only 32768 registers per 32 ALUs (vs. With these features, combined with support for Visual Studio and C++, Nvidia targeted professional and commercial markets, as well as use in high performance computing.įermi is named after Italian physicist Enrico Fermi.Ĭurrent limitations and trade-offs The chips found in the high performance Tesla branding feature memory with optional ECC and the ability to perform one double-precision floating-point operation per cycle per core the consumer GeForce cards are artificially driver restricted to one DP operation per four cycles. Both the Tesla cards had fourteen active groups of stream processors. Consumer GeForce cards came with 256MB attached to each of the enabled GDDR5 memory controllers, for a total of 1.5, 1.25 or 1.0GB the Tesla C2050 had 512MB on each of six controllers, and the Tesla C20MB per controller. The GTX 465 had five streaming multiprocessors and two memory controllers disabled. ![]() The GTX 470 had two streaming multiprocessors and one memory controller disabled. The GTX 480 had one streaming multiprocessor disabled. No products with a fully enabled GF100 GPU were ever sold. It is Nvidia's first chip to support OpenGL 4.0 and Direct3D 11. ![]() The GF100, the first Fermi-architecture product, is large: 512 stream processors, in sixteen groups of 32, and 3.0 billion transistors, manufactured by TSMC in a 40 nm process. Its price at launch was 129 US Dollars.Nvidia described the Fermi microarchitecture as the next major step in its line of GPUs following the Tesla microarchitecture used since the G80. The card measures 210 mm in length, 111 mm in width, and features a dual-slot cooling solution. GeForce GTS 450 is connected to the rest of the system using a PCI-Express 2.0 x16 interface. Display outputs include: 2x DVI, 1x mini-HDMI 1.3a. The GPU is operating at a frequency of 783 MHz, memory is running at 902 MHz (3.6 Gbps effective).īeing a dual-slot card, the NVIDIA GeForce GTS 450 draws power from 1x 6-pin power connector, with power draw rated at 106 W maximum. NVIDIA has paired 1,024 MB GDDR5 memory with the GeForce GTS 450, which are connected using a 128-bit memory interface. It features 192 shading units, 32 texture mapping units, and 16 ROPs. The GF106 graphics processor is an average sized chip with a die area of 238 mm² and 1,170 million transistors. Even though it supports DirectX 12, the feature level is only 11_0, which can be problematic with newer DirectX 12 titles. Built on the 40 nm process, and based on the GF106 graphics processor, in its GF106-250-KA-A1 variant, the card supports DirectX 12. The GeForce GTS 450 was a mid-range graphics card by NVIDIA, launched on September 13th, 2010. ![]()
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